Just like aspirin and acetaminophen, ibuprofen inhibits the COX enzyme and reduces the formation of prostaglandins. Ibuprofen inhibits COX enzymes both inside and outside the central nervous system. Therefore, it can reduce inflammation at the site of tissue damage or injury. Ibuprofen is considered an NSAID and also reduces fever. Common brand names of ibuprofen in the United States are Advil®, Cramp End®, Excedrin IB®, Medipren®, Midol®, Motrin®, Motrin IB®, and Nuprin®. Most people tend to tolerate ibuprofen better than aspirin and acetaminophen, and it causes fewer side effects such as intestinal bleeding and stomach ulcers. However, some problems can occur with prolonged and repeated ibuprofen use.
Ibuprofen comes in tablet and liquid forms that range from 50 to 200 mg per dose. Tablets with doses up to 800 mg of ibuprofen are available with a doctor’s prescription. The recommended dosage for adults is approximately 1,200 mg per day, but a doctor can suggest that the patient take up to 3,200 mg per day. Ibuprofen is generally well tolerated, but some people can have side effects such as stomach pains, skin rash, vomiting, black or darkened stools, visual problems, or swelling of the hands and feet. Like aspirin and acetaminophen, ibuprofen takes about 30 minutes to start to relieve pain and lasts approximately 4 to 6 hours. Ibuprofen should not be combined with acetaminophen or other anti-inflammatory medications, because of the possibility of toxic effects on the liver and kidneys. In addition, repeatedly taking ibuprofen in combination with alcohol may cause stomach ulcers or bleeding.
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