Mnemonics part 3

Gynaecomastia-causing drugs
DISCOS


Digoxin
Isoniazid
Spironolactone
Cimetidine
Oestrogens
Stilboestrol




Morphine: side-effects
MORPHINE


Myosis
Out of it ...sedation
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia...aspiration
Hypotension
Infrequency...constipation, urinary retentionNausea
Emesis




Etoposide: action, indications, side effect
eTOPoside


Action
Inhibits TOPoisomerase II


Indications
Testicular carcinoma
Oat cell carcinoma of lung
Prostate carcinoma


Side effect
Affects TOP of your head, causing alopecia




Medication administration: short checklist
TRAMP


Before dispensing medication, ensure have correct
Time
Route
Amount
Medication
Patient




Pupils in overdose: morphine vs. amphetamine
MorPHINE: Fine. AmPHETamine: Fat

Morphine overdose: pupils constricted ..fine
Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated ..fat




Nitrofurantoin: major side effects
NitroFurAntoin


Neuropathy..peripheral neuropathy
Fibrosis..pulmonary fibrosis
Anemia..hemolytic anemia

Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine
eDrophonium is for Diagnosis
pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms



Lithium: side effects
LITHIUM

Leukocytes Increased...leukocytosis
Tremors
Hypothyroidism
Increased Urine
Moms beware...teratogenic



Respiratory depression inducing drugs
STOP breathing

Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins




Parkinsonism: drugs
SALAD

Selegiline
Anticholinenergics...trihexyphe nidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor ...carbidopa, benserazide
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists ...bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide

Inhalation anesthetics
SHINE

Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Enflurane
· If want the defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.




Warfarin: interactions
ACADEMIC QACS

Amiodarone
Cimetidine
Aspirin
Dapsone
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Indomethacin
Clofibrates
Quinidine
Azapropazone
Ciprofloxacin
Statins



Steroids: side effects
BECLOMETHASONE

Buffalo hump
Easy bruising
Cataracts
Larger appetite
Obesity
Moonface
Euphoria
Thin arms & legs
Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Skin thinning
Osteoporosis
Negative nitrogen balance
Emotional liability



Teratogenic drugs
W/ TERATOgenic

Warfarin
Thalidomide
Epileptic drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Retinoid
ACE inhibitor
Third element: lithium
OCP and other hormones...eg danazol



Sulfonamides: common characteristics
SULFA

Steven-Johnson syndrome/ Skin rash / Solubility low
Urine precipitation/ Useful for UTI
Large spectrum...gram positives and negatives
Folic acids synthesis blocker...as well as synthesis of nucleic acids
Analog of PABA




Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor ********
You have 1 heart and 2 lungs

Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart
Beta-2 primarily on lungs

Amiodarone: action, side effects
six P's

Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

TB: antibiotics used
STRIPE

STreptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrizinamide
Ethambutol

Sodium valproate: side effects
VALPROATE

Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia
Retention of fats...weight gain
Oedema ...peripheral oedema
Appetite increase
Tremor
Enzyme inducer...liver

Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions
ABCDE

Asthma
Block...heart block
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte ...hyperkalemia

Beta 1 selective blockers
"BEAM ONE up, Scotty"

Beta 1 blockers
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol

Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers
"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem"
(because he has a runny nose)

Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol

Methyldopa: side effects
METHYLDOPA

Mental retardation

Electrolyte imbalance

Tolerance

Headache/ Hepatotoxicity

psYcological upset

Lactation in female

Dry mouth

Oedema

Parkinsonism

Anaemia...haemolytic

Hypertension: treatment
ABCD

ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists...sometimes Alpha agonists also
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics...sometimes vasoDilators also

Enoxaprin (prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring

EnoXaprin only acts on factor X
Monitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT

Anesthesia: 4 stages
"Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M"

Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Medullary paralysis

SSRIs: side effects
SSRI

Serotonin syndrome
Stimulate CNS
Reproductive dysfunctions in male
Insomnia

Lead poisoning: presentation
ABCDEFG

Anemia
Basophilic stripping
Colicky pain
Diarrhea
Encephalopathy
Foot drop
Gum ...lead line

Depression: 5 drugs causing it
PROMS

Propranolol
Reserpine
Oral contraceptives
Methyldopa
Steroids

Microtubules: drugs that act on microtubules
"The MicroTubule Growth Voiding Chemicals"

Thiabendazole
Mebendazole
Taxol
Griseofulvin
Vincristine/ Vinblastine
Colchicine

Torsades de Pointes: drugs causing
APACHE

Amiodarone
Procainamide
Arsenium
Cisapride
Haloperidol
Eritromycin



Benzodiazapines: ones not ----bolized by the liver...safe to use in liver failure
LOT

Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam



SIADH-inducing drugs
ABCD

Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
Barbiturates
Cyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
Diuretic ..thiazide



Pulmonary infiltrations inducing drugs
"Go BAN Me!"

Gold
Bleomycin/ Busulphan/ BCNU
Amiodarone/ Acyclovir/ Azathioprine
Nitrofurantoin
Melphalan/ Methotrexate/ Methysergide



Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis
"Very Angry Hepatocytes"

Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Halothane



Phenytoin: adverse effects
PHENYTOIN

P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 ----bolism ..hence anemia
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache



Ribavirin: indications
RIBAvirin

RSV
Influenza B
Arenaviruses ...Lassa, Bolivian, etc


Aspirin: side effects
ASPIRIN

Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise..tinnitus

END OF PART 3